February 14, 2020
Amitraj
2.) Packet Switching -
-> Packet Switching is connectionless as it doesn’t establish any physical connection before the transmission starts. In packet switching before the message is transmitted, it is divided into some manageable parts called packets. These packets are routed one by one from source to destination.
-> In packet switching, each packet may follow a different route to reach the destination. Packets arrived at the destination are out of order but, they are assembled in order before the destination forward it to the upper layer.
-> Packet Switching is always implemented at the Network Layer.
Advantages of Packet Switching-
1. Delay in delivery of packets is less, since packets are sent as soon as they are available.
2. Switching devices don’t require massive storage, since they don’t have to store the entire messages before forwarding them to the next node.
3. Data delivery can continue even if some parts of the network faces link failure. Packets can be routed via other paths.
4. It allows simultaneous usage of the same channel by multiple users.
Disadvantages of Packet Switching-
1. Packet switching high installation costs.
2. They require complex protocols for delivery.
3. Network problems may introduce errors in packets, delay in delivery of packets or loss of packets. If not properly handled, this may lead to loss of critical information.
Types of Packet Switching-
Packet switching has two approaches Datagram Approach and Virtual Circuit Approach.
1. In Datagram Approach each packet is independent of other though they belong to the same message and may also choose a different path to reach the destination.
2. In Virtual Circuit Approach, the relationship between the packets that belong to the same message is preserved as the packet are not independent of each other, and all the packets that belong to a particular message follow the same route to travel to the destination.
Differences between Virtual Circuits & Datagram Networks
Computer networks that provide connection-oriented service are called Virtual Circuits while those providing connection-less services are called as Datagram networks. The Internet which we use is actually based on Datagram network (connection-less) at the network level as all packets from a source to a destination do not follow the same path.
Virtual Circuits -
1. It is connection-oriented simply meaning that there is a reservation of resources like buffers, CPU, bandwidth, etc. for the time in which the newly setup VC is going to be used by a data transfer session.
2. First packet goes and reserves resources for the subsequent packets which as a result follow the same path for the whole connection time.
3. Since all the packets are going to follow the same path, a global header is required only for the first packet of the connection and other packets generally don’t require global headers.
4. Since data follows a particular dedicated path, packets reach inorder to the destination.
5. In Virtual Circuit Switching, it is sure the all the packets will definitely reach to the Destination. No packet will discard due to unavailability of resources.
6. From the above points, it can be concluded that Virtual Circuits are highly reliable means of transfer.
7. Since each time a new connection has to be set up with reservation of resources and extra information handling at routers, its simply costly to implement Virtual Circuits.
8. It is used by the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Network, which is used for the Telephone calls.
Datagram Networks -
1. It is connectionless service. There is no need for reservation of resources as there is no dedicated path for a connection session.
2. All packets are free to go to any path on any intermediate router which is decided on the go by dynamically changing routing tables on routers.
3. Since every packet is free to choose any path, all packets must be associated with a header with proper information about the source and the upper layer data.
4. The connectionless property makes data packets reach the destination in any order, means they need not reach in the order in which they were sent.
5. Datagram networks are not reliable as Virtual Circuits.
6. The major drawback of Datagram Packet Switching is if the Buffer, CPU, and Bandwidth are available then the only Packet will be forwarded. Otherwise, Packet will discard.
7. But it is always easy and cost-efficient to implement datagram networks as there is no extra headache of reserving resources and making a dedicated each time an application has to communicate.
8. Its is generally used the IP network, which is used for Data services like Internet.
Also Read - Message Switching
-> Packet Switching is connectionless as it doesn’t establish any physical connection before the transmission starts. In packet switching before the message is transmitted, it is divided into some manageable parts called packets. These packets are routed one by one from source to destination.
-> In packet switching, each packet may follow a different route to reach the destination. Packets arrived at the destination are out of order but, they are assembled in order before the destination forward it to the upper layer.
-> Packet Switching is always implemented at the Network Layer.
Advantages of Packet Switching-
1. Delay in delivery of packets is less, since packets are sent as soon as they are available.
2. Switching devices don’t require massive storage, since they don’t have to store the entire messages before forwarding them to the next node.
3. Data delivery can continue even if some parts of the network faces link failure. Packets can be routed via other paths.
4. It allows simultaneous usage of the same channel by multiple users.
Disadvantages of Packet Switching-
1. Packet switching high installation costs.
2. They require complex protocols for delivery.
3. Network problems may introduce errors in packets, delay in delivery of packets or loss of packets. If not properly handled, this may lead to loss of critical information.
Types of Packet Switching-
Packet switching has two approaches Datagram Approach and Virtual Circuit Approach.
1. In Datagram Approach each packet is independent of other though they belong to the same message and may also choose a different path to reach the destination.
2. In Virtual Circuit Approach, the relationship between the packets that belong to the same message is preserved as the packet are not independent of each other, and all the packets that belong to a particular message follow the same route to travel to the destination.
Differences between Virtual Circuits & Datagram Networks
Computer networks that provide connection-oriented service are called Virtual Circuits while those providing connection-less services are called as Datagram networks. The Internet which we use is actually based on Datagram network (connection-less) at the network level as all packets from a source to a destination do not follow the same path.
Virtual Circuits -
1. It is connection-oriented simply meaning that there is a reservation of resources like buffers, CPU, bandwidth, etc. for the time in which the newly setup VC is going to be used by a data transfer session.
2. First packet goes and reserves resources for the subsequent packets which as a result follow the same path for the whole connection time.
3. Since all the packets are going to follow the same path, a global header is required only for the first packet of the connection and other packets generally don’t require global headers.
4. Since data follows a particular dedicated path, packets reach inorder to the destination.
5. In Virtual Circuit Switching, it is sure the all the packets will definitely reach to the Destination. No packet will discard due to unavailability of resources.
6. From the above points, it can be concluded that Virtual Circuits are highly reliable means of transfer.
7. Since each time a new connection has to be set up with reservation of resources and extra information handling at routers, its simply costly to implement Virtual Circuits.
8. It is used by the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Network, which is used for the Telephone calls.
Datagram Networks -
1. It is connectionless service. There is no need for reservation of resources as there is no dedicated path for a connection session.
2. All packets are free to go to any path on any intermediate router which is decided on the go by dynamically changing routing tables on routers.
3. Since every packet is free to choose any path, all packets must be associated with a header with proper information about the source and the upper layer data.
4. The connectionless property makes data packets reach the destination in any order, means they need not reach in the order in which they were sent.
5. Datagram networks are not reliable as Virtual Circuits.
6. The major drawback of Datagram Packet Switching is if the Buffer, CPU, and Bandwidth are available then the only Packet will be forwarded. Otherwise, Packet will discard.
7. But it is always easy and cost-efficient to implement datagram networks as there is no extra headache of reserving resources and making a dedicated each time an application has to communicate.
8. Its is generally used the IP network, which is used for Data services like Internet.
Also Read - Message Switching
